In common form probate, heirs generally have years to decide if they want to contest the will, which can leave the estate in legal limbo. Even after the estate settles and closes, there remains the possibility that an heir might file a contest to reopen it again. For example, Georgia allows heirs four years in which to contest a will probated by common form. Beneficiary distributions made through common form probate are not final until the challenge deadline passes (up to four years). This means a beneficiary can receive an inheritance, only to have no choice but to return it to the estate years later if another heir successfully challenges the will. With cash inheritances, the money could easily be long gone by that point. Real estate and tangible assets might fall into disrepair. Executors generally will not risk this and will ask the beneficiary to sign a binding agreement to return the inheritance to the estate if necessary, or request solemn form probate. If the executor mentioned in the will is unable or unwilling to serve, then an appendix will be created to appoint the new executor. However, before the appointment of the administrator, there should be a declination letter from the executor (if he or she is still living and not incapacitated). In this event, the executor can be selected by a majority of the beneficiaries. For the sake of minors or incapacitated heirs, the court appoints a guardian ad litem, which is just a fancy way of saying someone to look out for the interests of the minor heirs. Probate is not required when there is no property to be divided under the terms of the will and testamentary letters are not necessary to take control of assets in that case. It is essential to file the will of the deceased with the probate court. Unlike bank accounts, real estate properties will not automatically pass on to a surviving co-owner. To transfer the title of an automobile, probate is not needed, but real estate transfers require it. In the absence of a will that names an executor, state law will list people who can legally discharge the responsibility. If there is a necessity for a probate court proceeding, then the court will choose the administrator based on a priority list.
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